DNA-based methods of species discovery and identification for conservation strategies

The use of DNA based methods opened new perspectives on the way we document biodiversity. In biodiversity hotspots, conservation efforts are bridled by the taxonomic impediment (i.e. the rarefaction of taxonomists world wide). The use of a standardized DNA based approach such as DNA barcoding allows circumvent this problem by offering automated species identifications. This approach, however, relies on the development of DNA barcodes reference libraries that proved to be challenging to build in tropical ecosystems where taxonomic knowledge presents large gaps. The objective of this session is to illustrate the state of the art in the use of DNA barcodes for species identification among tropical fishes with a special emphasis on South-East Asia. Results of a large DNA barcoding campaign and associated conservation stakes will be presented to illustrate the benefits of a DNA based approach in solving decades-running taxonomic conflicts and produce science-based recommendations.